The energy decomposition analysis based on
block localized wave functions (BLW-EDA) allows one to
gain physical insight into the nature of chemical bonding,
decomposing the interaction energy in (1) a “frozen” term,
accounting for the attraction due to electrostatic and
dispersion interactions, modulated by Pauli repulsion, (2)
the variationally assessed polarization energy, and (3) the
charge transfer. This method has so far been applied to gas- and
condensed-phase molecular systems. However, its standard version is not compatible with fractionally occupied
orbitals (i.e., electronic smearing) and, as a consequence, cannot be applied to metallic surfaces. In this work, we propose a
simple and practical extension of BLW-EDA to fractionally occupied orbitals, termed Ensemble BLW-EDA. As illustrative
examples, we have applied the developed method to analyze the nature of the interaction of various adsorbates on Pt(111),
ranging from physisorbed water to strongly chemisorbed ethylene. Our results show that polarization and charge transfer both
contribute significantly at the adsorption minimum for all studied systems. The energy decomposition analysis provides details
with respect to competing adsorption sites (e.g., CO on atop vs hollow sites) and elucidates the respective importance of
polarization and charge transfer for the increased adsorption energy of H2S compared to H2O. Our development will enable a
deeper understanding of the impact of charge transfer on catalytic processes in general.
Energy decomposition analysis for metal surface-adsorbate interactions by block localized wave functions
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